System Dynamics for Policy Simulation of FABA (Fly Ash and Bottom Ash) Waste Utilization
Keywords:
FABA, System dinamics, coal-fired power plant, waste utilization, subsidy policyAbstract
Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA) are by-products of coal combustion in power plants that pose environmental risks if not properly utilized. This study develops a System Dynamics model to evaluate policy scenarios for FABA utilization at the Nagan Raya coal-fired power plant, which produces an average of 2,295 tons of FABA per month. The model is based on historical data from 2016 to 2024 and simulates policy interventions for the 2025–2030 period, including biomass co-firing, public awareness campaigns, and subsidies for industrial users.
The simulation results for 2030 show that the combined policy scenario successfully reduces stored FABA from 98,352 tons to 37,011 tons and increases FABA utilization from 1,050 tons/month to 1,850 tons/month. CO₂ emission reductions also increase significantly, from 1,570 tons/month to 10,220 tons/month. The policy requires industrial subsidies of IDR 130 million/month and socialization costs of IDR 30 million/month. This study demonstrates that simulation-based waste policy modeling can effectively support the transition strategy toward achieving Indonesia’s Net Zero Emission 2060 target.
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