Analysis Of the Impact of Operational Patterns and Equipment Maintenance in Coal-Fired Power Plants on Efficiency and Co₂ Emissions

Abstract

This study explores the impact of operational practices and equipment maintenance on thermal efficiency and carbon emissions in coal-fired power plants. A comparative analysis of 2023 and 2024 operational data was conducted, focusing on parameters such as main steam pressure, steam temperature, fuel consumption, and auxiliary power usage. Findings show a decline in thermal efficiency from 31.78% in 2023 to 31.14% in 2024, mainly due to a reduction in coal calorific value and an increase in Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC). Despite this, total CO₂e emissions decreased, in line with lower electricity production. A key contributor to the reduced efficiency was the unavailability of High-Pressure Heater (HPH) 3 from late 2023 to early 2024, which negatively affected thermal performance. Its restoration in April 2024 led to a gradual efficiency recovery. Regression analysis revealed that variables such as main steam pressure, steam flow, and air-to-fuel ratio significantly influence both efficiency and emissions. The study recommends implementing an integrated operational strategy that includes coal quality management, process parameter optimization, and preventive maintenance. These actions are critical for enhancing performance, complying with PTBAE-PU emission standards, and supporting national goals for energy transition and low-carbon power generation.