Techno-Economic Evaluation of The Implementation of BECCS (Bioenergy with Carbon Capture & Storage) at Anggrek Coal-Fired Power Plants in The Northern Sulawesi Electricity System
Keywords:
BECCS, Carbon Capture, Biomass Co-Firing, Techno-economic analysis, North Sulawesi Power SystemAbstract
This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of integrating Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) into PLN-owned coal-fired power plants in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, with a specific focus on the Anggrek CFPP. A combination of biomass co-firing using rice husk and wood chip at varying blending ratios (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) and post-combustion CO₂ capture using a blended MDEA–PZ amine solvent was simulated using Aspen Plus and Aspen HYSYS. The integration of BECCS reduced CO₂ emissions significantly, achieving net-negative emissions of −153 kgmole/h and −219 kgmole/h for 30% co-firing with rice husk and wood chip, respectively. However, the net plant output decreased to around 15.52–15.64 MW due to energy penalties from CCS operations. Economic analysis revealed that all BECCS scenarios resulted in Levelized Electricity Generation Costs (LEGC) between Rp 5,529.44 and Rp 5,646.22/kWh, far exceeding the regional Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Rp 2,264/kWh. Key financial indicators NPV, IRR, and B/C ratio were unfavorable under current market conditions. Sensitivity analysis showed that carbon pricing levels above USD 170/tonCO₂ would be necessary to achieve economic viability, with the 5% wood chip co-firing scenario offering the most cost-effective configuration. While BECCS presents strong potential for deep decarbonization and negative emissions, its implementation in Indonesia’s coal fleet requires substantial policy support, including carbon pricing, subsidies, or regulatory incentives to overcome its current economic limitations.
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