Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases Emission Inventory of Company Vehicles in An Energy Industry

Abstract

Climate change has become an urgent global challenge, driving the need for more accurate emissions inventories, especially in the transportation sector, which accounts for 27% of Indonesia's national CO₂ emissions. This research develops an innovative method by integrating a Tier 1 approach using international default emission factors such as IPCC, US EPA, EMEP and Tier 2 integrating company-specific operational data to analyze emissions from PT PLN's vehicles in Malang, Krian, Gresik, and Madura areas based on three key parameters: vehicle type, fuel type, and actual vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). Data were systematically collected over the period from January 2024 to February 2025 covering key pollutants such as CO, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, NOx, SO₂ and green house gases such as CO₂, CH₄, N₂O. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive integration of international standards with operational databases of an energy industry that result in more precise emissions mapping, revealing significant variations by vehicle type against fuel type (gasoline and diesel fuel) with VKT. This research not only provides an accurate emissions baseline for PT PLN but also offers a methodological framework that can be adopted by similar companies, while confirming the importance of specific vehicle characteristicsbased approaches in energy sector decarbonization planning to support Indonesia's sustainable energy transition.