Analysis of Biomass Co-Firing Performance at the Labuhan Angin Steam Power Plant

Abstract

This study analyzes the performance of biomass co-firing technology at the Labuhan Angin Steam Power Plant (PLTU), focusing on the use of palm kernel shells and sawdust as alternative fuels to partially replace coal. The primary objective is to evaluate the combustion performance of these fuel mixtures, particularly in terms of energy efficiency and exhaust emissions, including CO₂, NOₓ, and SO₂. A descriptive-comparative quantitative method was employed, using secondary data sourced from the operational co-firing trial report at Labuhan Angin PLTU. Key parameters examined include thermal efficiency, fuel consumption, biomass-to-coal mixing ratio, and emissions generated during combustion. The results indicate that co-firing with palm kernel shells leads to a decrease in combustion temperature and fluctuations in furnace pressure, although these remain within safe operational limits. For sawdust, a slight decline in thermal efficiency was observed as the biomass ratio increased; however, combustion remained stable up to a 5% mixing ratio. Moreover, SO₂ emissions decreased with higher biomass content, suggesting potential for reduced atmospheric pollution. In contrast, reductions in NOₓ emissions were minimal, and particulate emissions tended to rise with increasing biomass ratios. Overall, the findings demonstrate that co-firing with palm kernel shells and sawdust can be effectively implemented at Labuhan Angin PLTU, provided that operational adjustments are made to maintain combustion efficiency and meet emission standards. The study also highlights the importance of careful technical management to mitigate potential negative impacts on combustion stability and emission profiles.