The Assessment of Soundscape as Intangible Heritage: Critical Approach in Understanding the Immaterial Qualities
Keywords:
Cultural heritage, Cultural value, Intangible heritage, Immaterial qualities, Soundscape, Soundscape cultural value research methodologyAbstract
Nowadays, the assessment of the cultural significance of cultural heritage has changed. The cultural heritage is not only seen as tangible heritage but also related to intangible heritage. This intangible heritage assessment requires a different assessment, which emphasises the value of the immaterial qualities in determining the authenticity of cultural heritage, especially in Asia. One of the immaterial qualities dimensions is related to sounds. The immaterial qualities of sound in cultural heritage can be studied through a soundscape approach that has developed rapidly in the last decade. Soundscape is an approach that examines human perceptions that are influenced by the acoustic environment in a context. Questions arise on the significance value of soundscape in preserving cultural heritage and how to formulate the methodology to assess those values? Those problems will be discussed through a systematic and comprehensive literature review. The result shows that the soundscape has important role to understand the immaterial qualities value of cultural heritage. Moreover, cultural heritage's value can be achieved through historical analysis, technical analysis, and social analysis. This is a new approach to understand the immaterial qualities through multisensory which has not been widely discussed in preservation of cultural heritage.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
UNESCO, Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003. [Online]. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, (Accessed 20 November 2019)
Avrami E., Mason R. & de la Torre M., Values and Heritage Conservation, ed. 1, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2002.
Jokilehto J., World Heritage: Defining the Outstanding Universal Value, City & Time, pp. 1, 2006
ICOMOS, International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, [Online]. https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf, (Accessed 20 November 2019).
UNESCO, Hoi a Protocols for best conservation practice in Asia: professional guidelines for assuring and preserving the authenticity of heritage sites in the context of the cultures of Asia, [Online]. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000182617. (Accessed 20 November 2019).
International Organization for Standardization, ISO 12913-1:2014 Acoustics - Soundscape - Part I: Definiton and Conceptual Framework, ISO, 2014. [Online]. https://www.iso.org/standard/52161.html, (Accessed 20 November 2019)
Schafer R., The Tuning of the World, ed. 1, Knopf, New York, 1977.
Truax B, Handbook of Acoustic Ecology, Simon Fraser University and ARC Publications, Vancouver, 1978.
Aletta, F., Kang J. & Axelsson Ö., Soundscape Descriptors and A Conceptual Framework for Developing Predictive Soundscape Models, Landscape and Urban Planning, 149, pp. 65–74, 2016.
Kang J., Aletta F., Gjestland T.T., Brown L.A., Botteldooren D., SchulteFortkamp B., Lercher P., van Kamp I., Genuit K., Fiebig A., Coelho L.B., Maffei L. & Lavia L., Ten Question on the Soundscape of the Built Environment, Building Environment 108, pp. 284-294, 2016.
Frisvoll S., Conceptualising Authenticity of Ruralness, Annals of Tourism Research, pp. 272 - 296, 2013.
ICOMOS, The Nara Document on Authenticity, [Online]. https://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf. (Accessed 20 November 2019).
UNESCO, UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, [Online]. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/5_Cultural_Diversity_EN.pdf, (Accessed 20 November 2019)
Jokilehto J., Consideration On Authenticity and Integrity in World Heritage Context, City & Time 2 (1), 2006b.
Chung S.J, East Asian Values in Historic Conservation, Journal of Architectural Conservation, pp. 55 - 70, 2005.
Kwanda T., Western Conservation Theoryand the Asian Context: The Different Roots of Conservation, in International Conference on Heritage in Asia: Converging Forces and Conflicting Values, 2009, https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.8867111.v1.
Martokusumo W. & Wibowo A.S., Pelestarian Arsitektur dan Lingkungan Bersejarah, ITB Press, Bandung, 2019.
Kubontubuh C.P. & Martokusumo M., Meeting the past in the present: authenticity and cultural values in heritage conservation at the fourteenthcentury Majapahit heritage site in Trowulan, Indonesia, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2019.
Tainter J.A. & Lucas G.J., Epistemology of The Significance Concept, American Antiquity, pp. 707-719, 1983.
Wells J.C., Valuing Historic Places: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches, in Preservation and Rehabilitation of Iraqi City Centers, 2010.
McIntosh A.J. & Prentice R.C., Affirming authenticity: consuming cultural Heritage, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), pp. 708 - 734, 1999.
Yi X., Fu X., Yu L. & Jiang L., Authenticity and Loyalty at Heritage Sites: The Moderation Effect of Postmodern Authenticity, Tourism Management, 67, pp. 411-424, 2018.
Smith C., Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenology of Perception, Routledge, London, 2002.
Berger C. & Ehrsson H., Mental Imagery Changes Multisensory Perception, Current Biology, 23, pp. 1367–1372, 2013.
Shirazi M., Towards an Articulated Phenomenological Interpretation of Architecture: Phenomenal Phenomenology, Routledge, New York, 2013.
Urry J., The touristgaze, Sage Publications, London, 2002.
Agapito D., Mendes J. & Valle P., Exploring The Conceptualization of the Sensory Dimension of Tourist Experiences, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2, pp. 62 - 73, 2013.
Zainol R., Appreciating a World Heritage Site using Multisensory Elements: A Case Study in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, in SHS Web of Conferences 12, 2014.
Yazdanfara S., Heidari A. & Aghajaric N., Comparison of Architects’ and Non-Architects’ Perception of Place, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, p. 690 – 699, 2015.
Rahman N.H.A., Khalifah Z. & Ismail H.N., The Role of Sensory Experiences in Appreciating the Cultural Heritage Attractions, Tourism, Leisure and Global Change, pp. 117 - 124, 2016.
Ou Q., A Brief Introduction to Perception, Studies in Literature and Language, 15(4), pp. 18-28, 2017.
Southworth M., The Sonic Environment of Cities, Environment Behaviour, 1, pp. 49 - 70, 1969.
Brown L.A., A Review of Progress in Soundscapes and an Approach to Soundscape Planning, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, 17 (2), pp. 73-81, 2012.
Brown, L.A., Kang, J. & Gjestland T., Towards Standardization in Soundscape Preference Assessment, Applied Acoustics, 72, pp. 387–392, 2011.
Pérez-Martínez G., Torijab A.J. & Ruiza D.P., Soundscape Assessment of a Monumental Place: A Methodology Based On the Perception of Dominant Sounds, Landscape and Urban Planning, 169, pp. 12–21, 2018.
Yelmi P., The Soundscape of Istanbul: Exploring The Public Awareness of Urban Sounds, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 7(5), pp. 260-268, 2017.
Liu A., Liu F., Deng, Z. & Chen, W., Relationship Between Soundscape and Historical-Cultural Elements of Historical Areas in Beijing: A Case Study of Qianmen Avenue, in Inter-noise 2014, Melbourne, 2014.
Zhou M., Research on Historical District and City Design, in The 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 2015.
Liu A., Wang X.L., Liu F., Yao C. &. Deng Z., Soundscape and Its Influence on Tourist Satisfaction, The Service Industries Journal, pp. 1-18, 2018.
Sudarsono A.S & Sarwono J., The Development of a Web-Based Urban Soundscape Evaluation Systems, in IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 158, Bandung, 2018.
Maffei L., Brambilla G. & Di Gabriele M., Soundscape as Part of the Cultural Heritage, in Soundscape and Built Environment, Kang J. & Schulte-Fortkamp B., eds., Taylor & Francis Group, Florida, pp. 215 – 242, 2016.
Aletta F., Oberman T., Axelsson O., Xie H., Zhang Y., Lau S.-K., Tang S.-K., Jambrosic K., de Coensel B., van den Bosch K., Aumond P., Guastavino C., Lavandier C., Fiebig A., Schulte-Fortkamp B., Sarwono J., Sudarsono A., Astolfi A., Nagahata K., Jeon J.-Y., Jo H.-I., Chieng J., Gan W.-S., Hong J.-Y., Lam B., Ong Z.-T., Kogan P., Silva E.S., Manzano J.V., Yorukoglu P.N.D., Nguyen T.L.& Kang J., Soundscape Assessment: Towards A Validated Translation of Perceptual Attributes in Different Languages, in The Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control, Seoul, 2020
Avrami E., Mason R. & de la Torre M., Values and Heritage Conservation, ed. 1, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 2002.
Jokilehto J., World Heritage: Defining the Outstanding Universal Value, City & Time, pp. 1, 2006
ICOMOS, International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites, [Online]. https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf, (Accessed 20 November 2019).
UNESCO, Hoi a Protocols for best conservation practice in Asia: professional guidelines for assuring and preserving the authenticity of heritage sites in the context of the cultures of Asia, [Online]. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000182617. (Accessed 20 November 2019).
International Organization for Standardization, ISO 12913-1:2014 Acoustics - Soundscape - Part I: Definiton and Conceptual Framework, ISO, 2014. [Online]. https://www.iso.org/standard/52161.html, (Accessed 20 November 2019)
Schafer R., The Tuning of the World, ed. 1, Knopf, New York, 1977.
Truax B, Handbook of Acoustic Ecology, Simon Fraser University and ARC Publications, Vancouver, 1978.
Aletta, F., Kang J. & Axelsson Ö., Soundscape Descriptors and A Conceptual Framework for Developing Predictive Soundscape Models, Landscape and Urban Planning, 149, pp. 65–74, 2016.
Kang J., Aletta F., Gjestland T.T., Brown L.A., Botteldooren D., SchulteFortkamp B., Lercher P., van Kamp I., Genuit K., Fiebig A., Coelho L.B., Maffei L. & Lavia L., Ten Question on the Soundscape of the Built Environment, Building Environment 108, pp. 284-294, 2016.
Frisvoll S., Conceptualising Authenticity of Ruralness, Annals of Tourism Research, pp. 272 - 296, 2013.
ICOMOS, The Nara Document on Authenticity, [Online]. https://www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf. (Accessed 20 November 2019).
UNESCO, UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, [Online]. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/5_Cultural_Diversity_EN.pdf, (Accessed 20 November 2019)
Jokilehto J., Consideration On Authenticity and Integrity in World Heritage Context, City & Time 2 (1), 2006b.
Chung S.J, East Asian Values in Historic Conservation, Journal of Architectural Conservation, pp. 55 - 70, 2005.
Kwanda T., Western Conservation Theoryand the Asian Context: The Different Roots of Conservation, in International Conference on Heritage in Asia: Converging Forces and Conflicting Values, 2009, https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.8867111.v1.
Martokusumo W. & Wibowo A.S., Pelestarian Arsitektur dan Lingkungan Bersejarah, ITB Press, Bandung, 2019.
Kubontubuh C.P. & Martokusumo M., Meeting the past in the present: authenticity and cultural values in heritage conservation at the fourteenthcentury Majapahit heritage site in Trowulan, Indonesia, International Journal of Heritage Studies, 2019.
Tainter J.A. & Lucas G.J., Epistemology of The Significance Concept, American Antiquity, pp. 707-719, 1983.
Wells J.C., Valuing Historic Places: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches, in Preservation and Rehabilitation of Iraqi City Centers, 2010.
McIntosh A.J. & Prentice R.C., Affirming authenticity: consuming cultural Heritage, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), pp. 708 - 734, 1999.
Yi X., Fu X., Yu L. & Jiang L., Authenticity and Loyalty at Heritage Sites: The Moderation Effect of Postmodern Authenticity, Tourism Management, 67, pp. 411-424, 2018.
Smith C., Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Phenomenology of Perception, Routledge, London, 2002.
Berger C. & Ehrsson H., Mental Imagery Changes Multisensory Perception, Current Biology, 23, pp. 1367–1372, 2013.
Shirazi M., Towards an Articulated Phenomenological Interpretation of Architecture: Phenomenal Phenomenology, Routledge, New York, 2013.
Urry J., The touristgaze, Sage Publications, London, 2002.
Agapito D., Mendes J. & Valle P., Exploring The Conceptualization of the Sensory Dimension of Tourist Experiences, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2, pp. 62 - 73, 2013.
Zainol R., Appreciating a World Heritage Site using Multisensory Elements: A Case Study in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, in SHS Web of Conferences 12, 2014.
Yazdanfara S., Heidari A. & Aghajaric N., Comparison of Architects’ and Non-Architects’ Perception of Place, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, p. 690 – 699, 2015.
Rahman N.H.A., Khalifah Z. & Ismail H.N., The Role of Sensory Experiences in Appreciating the Cultural Heritage Attractions, Tourism, Leisure and Global Change, pp. 117 - 124, 2016.
Ou Q., A Brief Introduction to Perception, Studies in Literature and Language, 15(4), pp. 18-28, 2017.
Southworth M., The Sonic Environment of Cities, Environment Behaviour, 1, pp. 49 - 70, 1969.
Brown L.A., A Review of Progress in Soundscapes and an Approach to Soundscape Planning, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, 17 (2), pp. 73-81, 2012.
Brown, L.A., Kang, J. & Gjestland T., Towards Standardization in Soundscape Preference Assessment, Applied Acoustics, 72, pp. 387–392, 2011.
Pérez-Martínez G., Torijab A.J. & Ruiza D.P., Soundscape Assessment of a Monumental Place: A Methodology Based On the Perception of Dominant Sounds, Landscape and Urban Planning, 169, pp. 12–21, 2018.
Yelmi P., The Soundscape of Istanbul: Exploring The Public Awareness of Urban Sounds, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 7(5), pp. 260-268, 2017.
Liu A., Liu F., Deng, Z. & Chen, W., Relationship Between Soundscape and Historical-Cultural Elements of Historical Areas in Beijing: A Case Study of Qianmen Avenue, in Inter-noise 2014, Melbourne, 2014.
Zhou M., Research on Historical District and City Design, in The 22nd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, 2015.
Liu A., Wang X.L., Liu F., Yao C. &. Deng Z., Soundscape and Its Influence on Tourist Satisfaction, The Service Industries Journal, pp. 1-18, 2018.
Sudarsono A.S & Sarwono J., The Development of a Web-Based Urban Soundscape Evaluation Systems, in IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 158, Bandung, 2018.
Maffei L., Brambilla G. & Di Gabriele M., Soundscape as Part of the Cultural Heritage, in Soundscape and Built Environment, Kang J. & Schulte-Fortkamp B., eds., Taylor & Francis Group, Florida, pp. 215 – 242, 2016.
Aletta F., Oberman T., Axelsson O., Xie H., Zhang Y., Lau S.-K., Tang S.-K., Jambrosic K., de Coensel B., van den Bosch K., Aumond P., Guastavino C., Lavandier C., Fiebig A., Schulte-Fortkamp B., Sarwono J., Sudarsono A., Astolfi A., Nagahata K., Jeon J.-Y., Jo H.-I., Chieng J., Gan W.-S., Hong J.-Y., Lam B., Ong Z.-T., Kogan P., Silva E.S., Manzano J.V., Yorukoglu P.N.D., Nguyen T.L.& Kang J., Soundscape Assessment: Towards A Validated Translation of Perceptual Attributes in Different Languages, in The Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control, Seoul, 2020
Downloads
Published
2022-10-12
How to Cite
Djimantoro, M. I., Martokusumo, W., Poerbo, H. W., & Sarwono, J. (2022). The Assessment of Soundscape as Intangible Heritage: Critical Approach in Understanding the Immaterial Qualities. ITB Graduate School Conference, 1(1), 231–243. Retrieved from https://gcs.itb.ac.id/proceeding-igsc/index.php/igsc/article/view/22
Issue
Section
Articles
