Synthesis of Sulfonated Polystyrene from Styrofoam Waste as Manufacturing Material Polymer Electrolyte
Keywords:
acetyl sulfate, PEMFC, polystyrene, Styrofoam, sulfonated polystyrene
Abstract
The synthesis of polymer electrolyte of sulfonated polystyrene (sPS) has been carried out from Styrofoam waste. The polystyrene was sulfonated using various concentrations of acetyl sulfate at 40 oC for 1 hour. The resulting sulfonated polystyrene was characterized using FTIR, thermal analysis, and cationic exchange capacity (CEC). FTIR data show the success of sulfonation with the appearance of sulfonate groups in PST. The thermal data showed that the addition of sulfonic agents decreased the thermal stability of polystyrene. The highest CEC was obtained for 25 mmol of acetyl sulfate addition, with a CEC of 6.610 meq/g. The characteristics of the resulting product show that sulfonated polystyrene from Styrofoam waste potentially is used as a material for advanced technology of polymer electrolytes such as fuel cells and Li-Battery separator.
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E. Pramono, C. Purnawan, Y. Hidayat, J. Wulansari and S. Wahyuningsih, "Composite of chitosan vanilin/sulfonated polystyrene as polymer electrolyte membranes: Cationic exchange capacity, swelling degree and thermal properties," ALCHEMY, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 116-129, 2014. (Journal)
A. Al-Sabagh, Y. Moustafa, A. Hamdy, H. Killa, R. Ghanem and R. Morsi, "Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polystyrene/magnetite nanocomposites for organic dye adsorption," Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, vol. 27, pp. 403-413, 2018. (Journal)
P. Khomein, W. Ketelaars, T. Lap and G. Liu, "Sulfonated aromatic polymer as a future proton exchange membrane: A review of sulfonation and crosslinking methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 137, 2021. (Journal)
J. Wolska and J. Walkowiak-Kulikowska, "On the sulfonation of fluorinated aromatic polymers: Synthesis, characterization and effect of fluorinated side groups on sulfonation degree," European Polymer Journal, vol. 129, no. 109635, 2020. (Journal)
M. Bagaskara, A. Azizah, A. F. Ni'mah, P. Z. Hapsari, O. A. Saputra, C. Dewi and E. Pramono, "New route for synthesis and characterization sulfonated chitosan using acetyl sulfate as a sulfonating agent," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2190, 2022. (Conference Proceedings)
M. Valiollah, "Chemical Modification of Proton Exchanger Sulfonated Polystyrene with Sulfonated Graphene Oxide for Application as a New Polymer Electrolyte Membrane in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell," Iran. J.Chem. Chem. Eng., vol. 40, no. 6, 2021. (Journal)
A. Ortiz-Negron, N. Lasanta-Cotto and D. Suleiman, "Imidazolium ionic liquid incorporation on sulfonated poly(styrene-isobutylene-styrene) proton exchange membranes," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 113, no. 44900, 2017. (Journal)
M. M. Ghobashy, "Effect of sulfonated groups on the proton and methanol transport behavior of irradiated PS/PEVA membrane," Int. J. Plast. Technol., 2017. (Journal)
E. Salim, Afrizal and Zilfadli, "Synthesis of Polystyrene Sulfonate and Its Characterization as a Polymer Electrolite Membrane," Akta Kimia Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 153-161, 2021. (Journal)
B. T. N. C. Andrade, A. C. d. S. Bezerra and C. R. Calado, "Adding value to polystyrene waste by chemically transforming it into sulfonated polystyrene," revista Matéria, vol. 24, no. 3, 2019.
R. Rath, P. Kumar, L. Unnikrishnan, S. Mohanty and S. K. Nayak, "Functionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride) for selective proton-conducting membranes," Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 260, no. 124148, 2021. (Journal)
Y.-L. Luo, Y.-F. Nan, F. Xu, Y.-S. Chen and H.-W. Di, "Synthesis and characterization of novel h-HTBN/PEG PU copolymers for tissue engineering: degradation, phase behavior, and mechanical properties,"Polymers Advanced Technologies, vol. 22, pp. 1478-1486, 2009. (Journal)
K. Barrios-Tarazona and D. Suleiman, "Sulfonated poly(styreneisobutylene-styrene) grafted with hexyl- and butyl-imidazolium chloride ionic liquids," Journal of Polymer Science, pp. 1-16, 2021. (Journal)
P. U. Singare, R. S. Lokhande and R. S. Madyal, "Thermal Degradation Studies of Polystyrene Sulfonic and Polyacrylic Carboxylic Cationites,"Russian Journal of General Chemistry, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 527-532, 2010. (Journal)
N. M. Jalal, A. R. Jabur, M. S. Hamza and S. Allami, "Sulfonated electrospun polystyrene as cation exchange membranes for fuel cells", Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 287-298, 2020. (Journal)
Ngadiwiyana, Ismiyarto, Gunawan, R. S. Purbowatiningrum, N. B. A. Prasetya, T. D. Kusworo and H. Susanto, "Sulfonated polystyrene and its characterization as a material of electrolyte polymer," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1025, no. 012133, 2018. (Conference Proceedings)
S. L. Holder, C.-H. Lee and S. R. Popuri, "Simultaneous wastewater treatment and bioelectricity production in microbial fuel cells using crosslinked chitosan-graphene oxide mixed-matrix membranes", Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2017. (Journal)
Published
2022-11-19
How to Cite
Dewi, C., Rahmawati, F., & Pramono, E. (2022). Synthesis of Sulfonated Polystyrene from Styrofoam Waste as Manufacturing Material Polymer Electrolyte. ITB Graduate School Conference, 2(1), 311-320. Retrieved from https://gcs.itb.ac.id/proceeding-igsc/index.php/igsc/article/view/91
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