Comparative Study of Solid Fuel for Co-Firing Biomass Coal in Steam Power Plant between Produced by TOSS and MASARO Methods
Keywords:
Biomass, Cofiring, TOSS, MASARO, RDF, Waste to EnergyAbstract
The growing electricity demand and Indonesia’s commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions have accelerated biomass co-firing initiatives in coal-fired power plants (PLTUs). This study presents a comparative assessment of two municipal waste-to-fuel technologies: TOSS (Waste Processing Technology at the Source) and MASARO (Zero Waste Management). The analysis covers technical, economic, and environmental aspects, using a daily waste input of 100 tons. TOSS produces more biomass pellets (33.23 tons/day) than MASARO (25.686 tons/day). Waste projections in Babakan, Cirebon—from 20,862 tons/year in 2024 to 24,652 tons/year in 2034—suggest long-term feedstock sustainability. Co-firing trials by PLN confirm the energy feasibility of both pellet types, with low ash and slagging potential, particularly for MASARO’s RDF. Economically, both methods are viable, but MASARO offers greater profitability due to product diversification, with a Net Present Value of IDR 384.484 billion and an Internal Rate of Return of 99.15%. Environmentally, MASARO enables greater methane emission avoidance (5.802 million tons CO₂eq/year) compared to TOSS (4.722 million tons CO₂eq/year). In conclusion, TOSS is preferable for maximizing pellet output, whereas MASARO provides a more holistic solution for sustainable waste management, with stronger economic and environmental performance.
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