Techno-Economic Analysis of the Utilization Potential of the Cisokan Hydropower Reservoir (Pumped Hydro Storage) Through the Optimization of Floating Solar PV Systems
Keywords:
floating solar pv, thermosiphon cooling system, pvsyst, homer pro, economic feasibility, LCOE.Abstract
Indonesia faces major challenges in achieving its renewable energy targets of 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050, in line with its Net Zero Emissions (NZE) goal by 2060. This study investigates the technical and economic feasibility of a floating photovoltaic (FPV) system at the Cisokan Reservoir, covering 0.52 km² to install 46.58 MWp. Two system designs—conventional FPV and FPV with thermosiphon cooling—were simulated using PVsyst. Results show a 1.36% increase in annual energy yield and a 1.01% improvement in performance ratio (PR) when using thermosiphon cooling. HOMER Pro was used to assess economic performance across three scenarios: PLN Grid–Conventional FPV, PLN Grid–FPV with Thermosiphon, and PLN Grid–FPV–Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS). The lowest LCOE was USD 0.07105/kWh. Integration with PHS increased renewable energy share in West Java by 14.86%. This study delivers the first techno-economic analysis in Indonesia integrating FPV with PHS at the country’s first pumped storage project, Cisokan, while extending the integration concept from the Cirata FPV project. The results demonstrate the technical viability and strategic value of this hybrid system for supporting a cleaner, more resilient energy transition in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
PLN, “Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) PT PLN (Persero) 2021-2030.,” Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga List. 2021-2030, pp. 2019–2028, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://web.pln.co.id/stakeholder/ruptl
Presiden Republik Indonesia, “Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2017: Rencana Umum Energi Nasional.,” Peratur. Pres., pp. 67–69, 2017.
V. R. Yandri, “Prospek Pengembangan Energi Surya Untuk Kebutuhan Listrik Di Indonesia,” J. Ilmu Fis. | Univ. Andalas, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 14–19, 2012, doi: 10.25077/jif.4.1.14-19.2012.
PLN Nusantara Renewables, “CIRATA FLOATING PV PROJECT OVERVIEW,” no. August, 2024.
A. Barbón, J. Aparicio-Bermejo, L. Bayón, and R. Georgious, “Floating Photovoltaic Systems Coupled with Pumped Hydroplants under Day-Ahead Electricity Market Conditions: Parametric Analysis,” Electron., vol. 12, no. 10, 2023, doi: 10.3390/electronics12102250.
L. Essak and A. Ghosh, “Floating Photovoltaics: A Review,” Clean Technol., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 752–769, 2022, doi: 10.3390/cleantechnol4030046.
A. M. Bukar, A. Almerbati, S. Z. Shuja, and S. M. Zubair, “Enhancing solar PV panel performance through active and passive cooling techniques: A comprehensive review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 216, no. July 2024, p. 115611, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2025.115611.
T. K. Said, Thani R., Baraka Kichonge, “Energy Science Engineering - 2024 - Said - Optimal design and analysis of a grid‐connected hybrid renewable energy system.pdf.” 2024.
A. Sen, A. S. Mohankar, A. Khamaj, and S. Karmakar, “Emerging osh issues in installation and maintenance of floating solar photovoltaic projects and their link with sustainable development goals,” Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy, vol. 14, pp. 1939–1957, 2021, doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S304732.
R. I. Woolway, G. Zhao, S. M. G. Rocha, S. J. Thackeray, and A. Armstrong, “Decarbonization potential of floating solar photovoltaics on lakes worldwide,” Nat. Water, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 566–576, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s44221-024-00251-4.
J. Vourdoubas, “Integration of Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems with Hydropower Plants in Greece,” Eur. J. Eng. Technol. Res., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 6–12, 2023, doi: 10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.2.3010.
M. Catania et al., “Improving the performance of a pumped hydro storage plant through integration with floating photovoltaic,” Energy Proc., vol. 39, 2024, doi: 10.46855/energy-proceedings-10909.
PLN UIP JBT - FTIP UNPAD, “Ringkasan Eksekutif-Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower Project 1040 MW,” 2021, [Online]. Available: https://web.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2021/05/(Final)UCPS-ESIA-Annexes-PLN-disclosure.pdf
W. S. Ebhota and P. Y. Tabakov, “Evaluation of Critical Solar PV Meteorological and Performance Parameters of a Roof-Mounted Crystalline Solar PV System in Berea, Durban, South Africa,” U.Porto J. Eng., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 20–36, 2022, doi: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.002_0003.
A. Ullah, H. Imran, Z. Maqsood, and N. Z. Butt, “Investigation of optimal tilt angles and effects of soiling on PV energy production in Pakistan,” Renew. Energy, vol. 139, pp. 830–843, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.114.
T. Project and F. Maghdavi, “Mapping of Floating Solar PV Technical and Economic Potential in Indonesia”.
A. Adiyani, “SIMULASI, PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISIS EKONOMI PLTS TERAPUNG BERPENDINGIN TERMOSIFON DENGAN RESERVOIR SEJAJAR MODUL SURYA,” ITB, 2022.
UP2B Jawa Barat, “Rencana Operasi Sistem Tenaga Listrik Jawa Barat,” 2024.
V. Ramasamy and R. Margolis, “Floating Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmark: Q1 2021 Installations on Artificial Water Bodies,” Natl. Renew. Energy Lab., no. NREL/TP-7A40-80695, p. 15, 2021.
S. Cohen, V. Ramasamy, D. Inman, S. Cohen, V. Ramasamy, and D. Inman, “A Component-Level Bottom-Up Cost Model for Pumped Storage Hydropower A Component-Level Bottom-Up Cost Model for Pumped Storage Hydropower,” Natl. Renew. Energy Lab., 2024, [Online].
Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, “Technology Data for the Indonesian Power Sector,” no. February, pp. 1–215, 2024
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ITB Graduate School Conference
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
