A Study on the Utilization of Biomass in Co-firing at the Nagan Raya 1 and 2 Coal-Fired Power Plants
Keywords:
Biomass, co-firing, power plant, GHG emissions, palm kernel shell, wood chip, Aspen Plus, sustainable energy transitionAbstract
Global climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, primarily from coal-fired power plants (PLTUs), pose significant threats to environmental sustainability. Biomass co-firing presents a viable solution to reduce CO₂ emissions and support renewable energy integration. However, Indonesia's cofiring implementation remains low, with only about 5% biomass substitution, hindered by technical and supply chain limitations. This study analyzes the technical feasibility and environmental impact of co-firing palm kernel shells and wood chips at PLTU Nagan Raya Units 1 and 2 using Aspen Plus v14 simulation software. Co-firing ratios ranged from 10% to 50%, and evaluations were based on proximate and ultimate analysis data. The findings reveal that a 10% co-firing ratio with palm kernel shells is the most effective, significantly reducing SOₓ and NOₓ emissions while maintaining power efficiency. In contrast, wood chips are recommended at a maximum of 5% due to supply limitations. An optimal blend ratio of 3:2 (palm kernel shell to wood chip) at 10% total biomass offers a practical compromise. This strategy is deemed viable to support sustainable energy transition in the Nagan Raya region and contributes to national decarbonization goals.
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