Transformation of Jaṭāmukuṭa during Majapahit Period in Java
Keywords:
Jaṭāmukuṭa, Late Classical Era, MajapahitAbstract
Jaṭāmukuṭa is a hairdo/headgear in the form of high-styled braids, sometimes arranged in layers after layers of braids giving the impression of being stacked. In Hindu iconography, jaṭāmukuṭa is a usnisha-bhusana (headdress) which is an attribute of Lord Śivā, so it is often used to identify statues of Śivā and his wife, Parvati. However, in its development, the shape of the jaṭāmukuṭa has changed. This study aims to identify and map the changes in jaṭāmukuṭa in terms of shape and variety, with a focus on the Late Classical period in East Java. From the research results, it was found that in the Majapahit era, there were three types of jaṭāmukuṭa and there was a tendency to describe jaṭāmukuṭa as kirīṭamukuṭa. This is in line with the development of art in the Late Majapahit era which moved towards a rigid depiction and shows the influence of local genius.
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