Adoption of Electric Motorcycles: Challenges, Influencing Factors, and the Role of Government Regulations: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Electric motorcycles, UTAUT, sustainable transportation, adoption barriers, renewable energy, IndonesiaAbstract
The increasing global urgency to address climate change and its adverse impacts has spurred interest in sustainable energy solutions, including electric vehicles (EVs). In Indonesia, the transition from traditional fuel-powered motorcycles to electric motorcycles (EMs) is particularly relevant in underdeveloped regions facing logistical challenges in fuel distribution. This study investigates the determinants of EM adoption by integrating cultural factors within the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Using a systematic review approach, the research explores demographic, situational, technical, and regulatory factors influencing EM adoption. Data were collected via surveys targeting prospective users, focusing on behavioral intentions rather than actual usage, given Indonesia's early-stage EV adoption. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the relationships between constructs,
incorporating variables such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The findings highlight that financial constraints and inadequate infrastructure are significant barriers to adoption. However, factors such as performance expectancy and social influence strongly impact purchase intentions. The study underscores the importance of government intervention through policy enhancements, subsidies, and infrastructure development. Additionally, public education initiatives are crucial to emphasize the environmental and economic benefits of EMs. These insights provide a foundation for promoting sustainable transportation in underdeveloped areas, contributing to environmental preservation and economic development.
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