Effect of Neutralization Pre-treatment for the Production of Magnesium Salt from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)
Abstract
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) was used as raw material to produce magnesium salt of palm fatty acid distillate (Mg-PFAD), which can be used as a solid lubricant, emulsifier, and antioxidant in food and nutraceutical products. PFAD is composed of approximately 85–95% wt of free fatty acids (FFA) and 10–15% wt of triglycerides as impurities. To enhance the conversion of fatty acids into Mg-PFAD salt, the synthesis of Mg-PFAD salt was carried out by neutralizing or saponifying PFAD using magnesium oxide. Several pre-treatment methods prior to neutralization were investigated, such as hydrolysis, homogenization of PFAD in water, or direct neutralization. This research aimed to determine the effect of neutralization pre-treatment on the acid number, degree of FFA conversion, and concentration of total tocopherol. The homogenization-assisted neutralization process reduces the acid number by 15 times from the initial PFAD, or 6.97 mg total tocopherol/g Mg-PFAD, and results in a conversion of 94%.
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