Understanding Optimal Designs of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Fostering Electric Vehicle Adoptions: A Review Study

Abstract

This study investigates the design and specification of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) located in rest areas and shopping malls (malls) in East Java, Indonesia. By employing conjoint analysis, the research identifies key consumer preferences and critical factors that influence the adoption and usability of EVCS. The design of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (PEVCS) plays an important role in driving electric vehicle (EV) adoption by overcoming barriers such as “range anxiety,” accessibility, and high infrastructure costs. Research shows the need for a data-driven approach to determine optimal locations, improve usage efficiency, and support dynamic subsidy policies that balance infrastructure investment and EV growth. Integration of PEVCS with fast charging technology, renewable energy, as well as global standards, can accelerate the transition to low-emission transportation. In addition, perceived accessibility to users, especially in dense and remote urban areas, is a key factor in increasing public trust in the charging network. A holistic approach involving governments, infrastructure providers, and vehicle makers is needed to ensure the sustainability of the EV ecosystem.