Assessment of CO2 Emission of Electric Vehicles based on Life Cycle Assessment and System Dynamics Methodology

Fandi Rahanra; Lucia Diawati

Fandi Rahanra Industrial Engineering and Management Master Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Lucia Diawati Industrial Engineering and Management Master Program, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Keywords: electric vehicles, internal combustion engine vehicles, life cycle assessment, system dynamics, bass diffusion model

Abstract

The promotion of electric vehicles (EV) adoption has emerged as a prevalent policy approach in numerous countries for reducing CO2 emission. Given the significant contribution of road transportation to CO2 emissions, the replacement of fossil fuel-based conventional vehicles with EV represents a viable strategy to mitigate emissions. However, the successful implementation of EV necessitates a comprehensive assessment throughout its entire life cycle. The use of EVs may reduce CO2 emission from the vehicles, however the increasing consumption of eletric power during its use may potentially potentially lead to higher CO2 emissions from the electric power generation, in particular in countries wherein fossil-based energy soures yet dominate the electric mix such as Indonesia. This study aims to conduct an assessment of CO2 emission of EV adoption in comparison to that of internal combustion engine vehicle (ICE) throughout their life cyles in Indonesia. Simultaneously, a system dynamics model is developed to depict the adoption process of EV and ICE based on Bass diffusion model. The system dynamics model is also used to simulate the impact of government policies in promoting the use of EVs.

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