Identifying Collapse of Topography Using Temporal Pansharpened Optical Images at Active Volcano: Case Study of Mt. Semeru Eruptions in 2021

Vismaia Isanjarini; Asep Saepuloh

Vismaia Isanjarini Geological Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia
Asep Saepuloh Geological Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia

Keywords: Collapse, Gram-Schmidt, Pan-Sharpening, Mt. Semeru

Abstract

Mt. Semeru is one of active volcanoes in Java. The eruption material released by Mt. Semeru is in the form of unconsolidated volcanic material. The nature of the material is very easy to erode and collapse. The eruption that occurred in 2021 caused disruption to critical infrastructure, ranging from power cuts and the collapse of the main bridge. The collapsed topography was assumed to have caused the massive eruption in 2021 but was not detected by monitoring equipment at the time. To observe the phenomenon, the Landsat-8 and PlanetScope images were used. The Gram-Schmidt transformation was conducted to increase the spatial resolution of Landsat-8 image 30 m to Planetscope image 3 m. This method was applied to the images before and after the 2021 eruption for determining the possibility of a collapse topography. According to the visual pansharpened images, we could identify the collapse topography in the eastern sector following the eruption. The collapse sector formed landslide with quite deep incision about 650 m. The collapsed materials accumulated in the SE-flank of Kobokan drainage and sent down the pyroclastic flows about 700 m to the valley.

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